Year: 1644 (Page 5 of 9)

I walked through the vineyards as far as Roche Corbon, to the ruins of an old and very strong castle ((Probably the ruins of a castle of which only the tower remains – known  as the “La Lanterne de Rochecorbon” -GS)), said to have been built by the English, of great height, on the precipice of a dreadful cliff, from whence the country and river yield a most incomparable prospect.

I went to see the palace and gardens of Chevereux ((I believe this is the Château de Villandry but cannot find evidence to support this -GS)) , a sweet place.

We took horse to see certain natural caves, called Gouttières, near Colombière ((Some people believe this to refer to the nearby Savonnières. I believe it refers to the lands of Villandry surrounding the Château de Villandry which was known as Colombier until the 17th century. (Source: “Touraine, history and monuments” by Jean-Jacques Bourassa. 1860 – GS)) where there is a spring within the bowels of the earth, very deep and so excessive cold, that the drops meeting with some lapidescent matter, it converts them into a hard stone, which hangs about it like icicles, having many others in the form of comfitures and sugar plums, as we call them.

Near this, we went under the ground almost two furlongs, lighted with candles, to see the source and spring which serves the whole city, by a passage cut through the main rock of freestone ((The stone -Tuffeau – was quarried from the caves and used in nearby buildings in the Loire area -GS)).

I was invited to a vineyard, which was so artificially planted and supported with arched poles, that stooping down one might see from end to end, a very great length, under the vines, the bunches hanging down in abundance.

I went by water to visit that goodly and venerable Abbey of Marmoutiers, being one of the greatest in the kingdom; to it is a very ample church of stone, with a very high pyramid. Among other relics the Monks showed us is the Holy Ampoulle ((“A cruise of oil, or la saint[e] ampoule, which they say St. Martin received from heaven by an Angel (having broken one of his ribs) and by applying it found present cure ” (Reresby’s Travels, 1831, p. 27). It was publicly destroyed at Rheims in 1793. Reresby also mentions the Tun “ as big as a little room.” The Abbey of Marmoutiers (majus monasterium) was on the right bank of the Loire. –AD)), the same with that which sacres their Kings at Rheims, this being the one that anointed Henry IV. Ascending many steps, we went into the Abbot’s Palace, where we were showed a vast tun (as big as that at Heidelberg), which they report St. Martin (as I remember) filled from one cluster of grapes growing there.

Was the Fête Dieu, and a goodly procession of all the religious orders, the whole streets hung with their best tapestries, and their most precious movables exposed; silks, damasks, velvets, plate, and pictures in abundance; the streets strewed with flowers, and full of pageantry, banners, and bravery.

I went to see their manufactures in silk (for in this town they drive a very considerable trade with silk-worms), their pressing and watering the grograms ((A cloth made with silk and mohair (Old Fr., gros-grabi). –AD)) and camlets ((A stuff made of the hair of the Angora goat. –AD)), with weights of an extraordinary poise, put into a rolling engine.

Here I took a master of the language, and studied the tongue very diligently ((“His [the foreign traveller’s] first study shall be to master the tongue of the country . . . which ought to be understood perfectly, written congruously, and spoken intelligently” (Preface to Evelyn’s State of France, Miscellaneous Writings, 1825, p. 45) –AD))., recreating myself sometimes at the Mall, and sometimes about the town. The house opposite my lodging had been formerly a King’s palace; the outside was totally covered with fleur-de-lis, embossed out of the stone. Here Mary de Medicis held her Court, when she was compelled to retire from Paris by the persecution of the great Cardinal.

We went to St. Gatian, reported to have been built by our countrymen; the dial and clockwork are much esteemed. The church has two handsome towers and spires of stone, and the whole fabric is very noble and venerable. To this joins the palace of the Archbishop, consisting both of old and new building, with many fair rooms, and a fair garden.

Here I grew acquainted with one Monsieur Merey, a very good musician. The Archbishop treated me very courteously. We visited divers other churches, chapels, and monasteries for the most part neatly built, and full of pretty paintings, especially the Convent of the Capuchins, which has a prospect over the whole city, and many fair walks.

We took boat again, passing by Charmont ((The birthplace (1460) of Cardinal George d’Amboise (see ante, p. 93); and the residence of Catherine de Médicis. –AD )), a proud castle on the left hand; before it is a sweet island, deliciously shaded with tall trees. A little distance from hence, we went on shore at Amboise, a very agreeable village, built of stone, and the houses covered with blue slate, as the towns on the Loire generally are ((Plus que le marbre dur me plaist l’ardoise fine, Plus mon Loyre Gaulois que le Tybre Latin, — sings Joachim du Bellay in his Regrets, 1565.- AD)) ; but the castle ((Chateau Royal d’Amboise -GS))chiefly invited us, the thickness of whose towers from the river to the top, was admirable. We entered by the drawbridge, which has an invention to let one fall, if not premonished. It is full of halls and spacious chambers, and one staircase is large enough, and sufficiently commodious, to receive a coach, and land it on the very tower, as they told us had been done. There is some artillery in it; but that which is most observable is in the ancient chapel ((The Chapel of Saint Hubert – Saint Hubert being the patron saint of hunters. -GS)), viz, a stag’s head, or branches, hung up by chains, consisting of twenty browantlers, the beam bigger than a man’s middle, and of an incredible length. Indeed, it is monstrous, and yet I cannot conceive how it should be artificial they show also the ribs and vertebræ of the same beast; but these might be made of whalebone ((Reresby, who duly mentions the winding staircase, adds: “In the chapel we saw the horns of a stag, of an incredible bigness, which they tell you swam from the sea, and came out of England; as also the neck-bone and one of his ribs, of five cubits and a half long” (Travels [in 1656], 1831, p. 26). –AD )).

Leaving the castle, we passed Mont Louis, a village having no houses above ground but such only as are hewn out of the main rocks of excellent freestone. Here and there the funnel of a chimney appears on the surface among the vineyards which are over them, and in this manner they inhabit the caves, as it were sea-cliffs, on one side of the river for many miles.

We now came within sight of Tours, where we were designed for the rest of the time I had resolved to stay in France, the sojournment being so agreeable. Tours is situate on the east side of a hill on the river Loire, having a fair bridge of stone called St. Edme; the streets are very long, straight, spacious, well built, and exceeding clean; the suburbs large and pleasant, joined to the city by another bridge. Both the church and monastery of St. Martin are large, of Gothic building, having four square towers, fair organs, and a stately altar, where they show the bones and ashes of St. Martin, with other relics.

The Mall ((Reresby calls it “the longest pell mell in France” (Travels, 1831, p. 26). -AD)) without comparison is the noblest in Europe for length and shade, having seven rows of the tallest and goodliest elms I had ever beheld, the innermost of which do so embrace each other, and at such a height, that nothing can be more solemn and majestical. Here we played a party, or party or two, and then walked about the town walls, built of square stone, filled with earth, and having a moat. No city in France exceeds it in beauty, or delight.